Tuesday 23 December 2014
How to RUN GNS3 with lower Memory and CPU consumption on a Laptop
New GNS3 Setup With Lower CPU Load and Lower Memory Consumption ..Try It !!!
Some Things I've learnt about GNS3
I am in no way an expert on GNS3, just a trainee
below are a few things i have learnt lately. I thought it might be a
good idea to produce something like this. If everyone replied to it and
added a few tips of their own it could be turned into a CLN GNS3 tips
and tricks document.
GNS3 Web Sites
http://www.gns3.net GNS3’s primary Web site
http://wiki.gns3.net GNS3’s Wiki site
http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/index.php/Cisco_7200_Simulator Dynamips – the actual emulator
http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/ Dynamips blog
http://dyna-gen.sourceforge.net/ Dynagen
http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/bts/ Dynamips/Dynagen bug tracking
http://7200emu.hacki.at Hacki’s forum
===
1. GNS3 has less chance of crashing if the bin files are unzipped.
2. Currently images for 2600 routers must be uncompressed to work with Dynamips.
3. To dramatically reduce the load on your processor, right click on the router and choose idle, after a few moments it will give you a list to choose from.
Choose the one with a * against it, if you don't see a * in the choice run it again.
4. If you don't need any special routers then use the same type on the whole lab, this will use far less processing power and memory.
5. To print out the diagram of your network click file then export, you can export all or just what is visible.
6. To move your router/routers/links etc click the left mouse button and draw around what you want to move, you can then move everything that is inside that shape.
7. I find that if you move around the interface identities they eventually go back to their original position. I don't move them anymore as it looks a bit
messy when that happens.
8. You can't use GNS3 for the SWITCH studies, GNS3 only has basic switch capabilities.
9. You can create computers and run ping's/telnet with VPC, the document attached shows you how, its very simple to follow. I did find that it takes a few times for it to accept being a cloud, once you click ok just open it back up and check it.
10. I personally find that it is best to connect your links between routers when they are switched off, sometimes i find it fails otherwise.
11. You can create a router to act like a pc, this is shown below but it is also in the document.
Router(config)# no ip routing Turns off IP routing function
Router(config)# interface fa0/0 Switches to FastEthernet interface
Router(config-if)# ip address address subnet_mask Assigns IP address and subnet mask to interface
Router(config-if)# no shutdown Turns interface on
Router(config-if)# exit Returns to global configuration mode
Router(config)# ip default-gateway gateway_address Configures the default gateway
Router(config)# ip http server Optional – starts http server process
===
12. You can connect GNS3 to real equipment, i have not done this yet myself, it is in the document attached how to do this.
13. When using windows 64 bit GNS3 will default to program files (x86). GNS3 is a 32 bit program for windows so point it to program files not the (x86).
14. I have a Lenovo Thinkpad with a i7 processor and 4GB of RAM. With 7 routers of the same type my processor is running between 8 and 15 %, my RAM consumption is around 2.3 to 2.8 GB. That is also using a few other programs on my laptop at the sometimes.
http://www.gns3.net GNS3’s primary Web site
http://wiki.gns3.net GNS3’s Wiki site
http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/index.php/Cisco_7200_Simulator Dynamips – the actual emulator
http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/blog/ Dynamips blog
http://dyna-gen.sourceforge.net/ Dynagen
http://www.ipflow.utc.fr/bts/ Dynamips/Dynagen bug tracking
http://7200emu.hacki.at Hacki’s forum
===
2. Currently images for 2600 routers must be uncompressed to work with Dynamips.
3. To dramatically reduce the load on your processor, right click on the router and choose idle, after a few moments it will give you a list to choose from.
Choose the one with a * against it, if you don't see a * in the choice run it again.
4. If you don't need any special routers then use the same type on the whole lab, this will use far less processing power and memory.
5. To print out the diagram of your network click file then export, you can export all or just what is visible.
6. To move your router/routers/links etc click the left mouse button and draw around what you want to move, you can then move everything that is inside that shape.
7. I find that if you move around the interface identities they eventually go back to their original position. I don't move them anymore as it looks a bit
messy when that happens.
8. You can't use GNS3 for the SWITCH studies, GNS3 only has basic switch capabilities.
9. You can create computers and run ping's/telnet with VPC, the document attached shows you how, its very simple to follow. I did find that it takes a few times for it to accept being a cloud, once you click ok just open it back up and check it.
10. I personally find that it is best to connect your links between routers when they are switched off, sometimes i find it fails otherwise.
11. You can create a router to act like a pc, this is shown below but it is also in the document.
Router(config)# interface fa0/0 Switches to FastEthernet interface
Router(config-if)# ip address address subnet_mask Assigns IP address and subnet mask to interface
Router(config-if)# no shutdown Turns interface on
Router(config-if)# exit Returns to global configuration mode
Router(config)# ip default-gateway gateway_address Configures the default gateway
Router(config)# ip http server Optional – starts http server process
===
12. You can connect GNS3 to real equipment, i have not done this yet myself, it is in the document attached how to do this.
13. When using windows 64 bit GNS3 will default to program files (x86). GNS3 is a 32 bit program for windows so point it to program files not the (x86).
14. I have a Lenovo Thinkpad with a i7 processor and 4GB of RAM. With 7 routers of the same type my processor is running between 8 and 15 %, my RAM consumption is around 2.3 to 2.8 GB. That is also using a few other programs on my laptop at the sometimes.
Thursday 28 August 2014
How Update DNS Records in Local Linux Machine - [ Ubuntu ]
Created Thursday 28 August 2014
By TDL Matias***************************************************************
This tutorial is to use as my own keep track record of things I do everyday with Linux.. I had to install a new linux distro into a user computers, the distro in question was Ubuntu 12.04 - 64bit.
I have gave the machine a name = DevOps14 with IP 172.xx.xx.184 - The problem is that that same machine, had being installed on the intranet before with same hostname (DevOps14) and had assigned previously the IP address 172.xx.xx.185 ..
after installed, I tried to access it using the hostname, I was getting network names conflit errors ..
When I tried to ping it .. I was getting the following error ...
user@host1:~$ traceroute -n devops14.uk.domain
traceroute to devops14.uk.domain (172.xx.xx.185), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 172.16.14.70 2996.257 ms !H 2996.201 ms !H 2996.180 ms !H
user@host1:~$ ping -c 3 devops14.uk.domain
PING devops14.uk.domain(172.xx.xx.185) 56(84) bytes of data.
From host1.uk.domain (172.xx.xx.xx) icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From host1.uk.domain (172.xx.xx.xx) icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From host1.uk.domain(172.xx.xx.xx) icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
--- devops14.uk.domain ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2014ms
Then, I went and updated our DNS server records usind rndc tool ... Tried do ping the devops14 again .. but not avail ..
user@host1:~$ ping -c 3 devops14.uk.domain
PING devops14.uk.domain (172.xx.xx.185) 56(84) bytes of data.
From host1.uk.domain (172.xx.xx.xx) icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From host1.uk.domain (172.xx.xx.xx) icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From host1.uk.domain (172.xx.xx.xx) icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
---devops14.uk.domain ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2000ms
pipe 3
Ok then ..IF I have updated the DNS - Records, theres no reason that I could not ping that machine right into the IP - 172.xx.xx.184 instead of 172.xx.xx.185 ... Something was no really adding up ...
So I went into https://www.google.com/ to investigate and se if someone had come accross the same issue it was then when I found in a Ubuntu forum [http://askubuntu.com/questions/414826/how-to-flush-dns-in-ubuntu-12-04 ]
That I had only to refresh the network DNS record on my local machine with this command.
user@host1:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/nscd restart
* Restarting Name Service Cache Daemon nscd [ OK ]
And then PING it again ....
user@host1:~$ ping -c 3 devops14.uk.domain
PING devops14.uk.domain (172.xx.xx.184) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from devops14.local (172.xx.xx.184): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.582 ms
64 bytes from devops14.local (172.xx.xx.184): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.139 ms
64 bytes from devops14.local (172.xx.xx.184): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.103 ms
---devops14.uk.domain ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.103/0.274/0.582/0.218 ms
All working fine now ...
Friday 15 August 2014
How to Allow MySQL Client to Connect to Remote MySQL server
Issue: How do I allow a MySQL client to connect to a MySQL database server?
Solution: By default, MySQL does not allow remote clients to connect to the MySQL database.
If you try to connect to a remote MySQL database from your client system, you will get the “Host is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server” message as shown below.
$ mysql -h 192.168.1.8 -u root -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1130: Host '192.168.1.4' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
You can also validate this by doing telnet to 3306 mysql port as shown below, which will also give the same “host is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server” error message.
$ telnet 192.168.1.8 3306
host 192.168.1.4 is not allowed to connect to this mysql server
If you want to allow a specific client ip-address (for example: 192.168.1.4) to access the MySQL database running on a server, you should execute the following command on the server that is running the MySQL database.
$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql> use mysql
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* to root@'192.168.1.4' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-root-password';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Also, update firewall rules to make sure port# 3306 is open on the server that is running the MySQL database.
After the above changes, when you try to connect to the MySQL database from a remote client, you’ll not get the “Host is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server” error message any more.
How Edit MySQL connection Error
Cannot connect to MySQL server over network
Check /etc/my.cnf and make sure you are listening for outside connections. edit the line that starts with bind-address**************************************************************************
change:
to:Code:bind-address = 127.0.0.1
make sure mysql is running:Code:#bind-address = 127.0.0.1
if not, start it:Code:/etc/init.d/mysql status
check if the ubuntu firewall is runningCode:/etc/init.d/mysql start
if it is, allow mysqlCode:sudo ufw status
Code:sudo ufw allow mysql
Possibly a security precaution. You could try adding a new administrator account:
Although as Pascal and others have noted it's not a great idea to
have a user with this kind of access open to any IP. If you need an
administrative user, use root, and leave it on localhost. For any other
action specify exactly the privileges you need and limit the
accessibility of the user as Pascal has suggest below.From the MySQL FAQ: If you cannot figure out why you get Access denied, remove from the user table all entries that have Host values containing wildcards (entries that contain '%' or '_' characters). A very common error is to insert a new entry with Host='%' and User='some_user', thinking that this allows you to specify localhost to connect from the same machine. The reason that this does not work is that the default privileges include an entry with Host='localhost' and User=''. Because that entry has a Host value 'localhost' that is more specific than '%', it is used in preference to the new entry when connecting from localhost! The correct procedure is to insert a second entry with Host='localhost' and User='some_user', or to delete the entry with Host='localhost' and User=''. After deleting the entry, remember to issue a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement to reload the grant tables. See also Section 5.4.4, “Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification”. |
Tuesday 8 July 2014
Having Problems to restart uBuntu 12.04 LTS workstation
Yesterday I have installed Ubuntu 12.04 on one of my testing workstations, orignally it came with Windows 7 pre-installed 2 SSD disks in a fake software Raid...
I have totatly removed Windows 7, deleted the partition and installed Ubuntu 12.04 LTS .. But, after installing Ubuntu the machine boots but do not show any signal of ubuntu ..
Its just a dark screen .. I tried to use live CD to repair the grub but with not avail...
Here is what I have from Ubuntu Boot repair tool --- >> I have taken off the script and guide to troubleshoot the ubuntu bootup, instead, I have place them into a file and you can download from and read it locally
Its hosted on Google drive here please download it !!...
I have totatly removed Windows 7, deleted the partition and installed Ubuntu 12.04 LTS .. But, after installing Ubuntu the machine boots but do not show any signal of ubuntu ..
Its just a dark screen .. I tried to use live CD to repair the grub but with not avail...
Here is what I have from Ubuntu Boot repair tool --- >> I have taken off the script and guide to troubleshoot the ubuntu bootup, instead, I have place them into a file and you can download from and read it locally
Its hosted on Google drive here please download it !!...
Friday 13 June 2014
How to Install vsftpd on Ubuntu and Add New User
Warning: FTP is
inherently insecure. If you must use FTP, consider securing your FTP
connection with SSL/TLS. Otherwise, it is best to use SFTP, a secure
alternative to FTP.
The first two
letters of vsftpd stand for "very secure" and the program
was built to have strongest protection against possible FTP
vulnerabilities.
Step One—Install
vsftpd
You can quickly
install vsftpd on your virtual private server in the command line:
sudo apt-get install
vsftpd
Once the file
finishes downloading, the VSFTP will be on your droplet. Generally
speaking, it is already configured with a reasonable amount of
security. However, it does provide access on your VPS to anonymous
users.
Step Two—Configure
vsftpd
Once vsftpd is
installed, you can adjust the configuration.
Open up the
configuration file:
sudo nano
/etc/vsftpd.conf
The biggest change
you need to make is to switch the Anonymous_enable from YES to NO:
anonymous_enable=NO
Prior to this
change, vsftpd allowed anonymous, unidentified users to access the
server's files. This is useful if you are seeking to distribute
information widely, but may be considered a serious security issue in
most other cases.
After that,
uncomment the local_enable option, changing it to yes and,
additionally, allow the user to write to the directory.
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
Finish up by
uncommenting command to chroot_local_user. When this line is set to
Yes, all the local users will be jailed within their chroot and will
be denied access to any other part of the server.
chroot_local_user=YES
Save and Exit that
file.
Because of a recent
vsftpd upgrade, vsftpd is "refusing to run with writable root
inside chroot". A handy way to address this issue to is to take
the following steps:
Create a new
directory within the user's home directory
mkdir
/home/username/files
Change the ownership
of that file to root
chown root:root
/home/username
Make all necessary
changes within the "files" subdirectory
Then, as always,
restart:
sudo service vsftpd
restart
Step Three—Access
the FTP server
Once you have
installed the FTP server and configured it to your liking, you can
now access it.
You can reach an FTP
server in the browser by typing the domain name into the address bar
and logging in with the appropriate ID. Keep in mind, you will only
be able to access the user's home directory.
ftp://example.com
Alternatively, you
can reach the FTP server on your virtual server through the command
line by typing:
ftp example.com
Then you can use the
word, "exit," to get out of the FTP shell.
Adding New Users To vsftpd
I found it rather strange that there arent any good tutorial that can explain how to add new users to vftpd. Google gives few results but most of them are trial and error method. So i decided to write this post after spending 1 hr trying to accomplish this simple task.
#edit /etc/vsftpd.conf or /opt/etc/vsftpd.conf
Open the vsftpd.conf file and search for chroot_list_enable=YES
Make sure it is YES. Do the same for the following variables
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list or /opt/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
chroot_list_enable=YES
Save and close the file
Create vsftpd.chroot_list in /etc/ or /opt/etc/
Add the username you want to export to ftp.
IMP: The user must already be a system user with a valid passwd. You must be able to find /home/
If the user you want to add is not a system user then create that user first before editing the above file.
#adduser
#passwd
Restart the vsftpd server using /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart or service vsftpd restart
Now you can log into ftp using the new user.
#edit /etc/vsftpd.conf or /opt/etc/vsftpd.conf
Open the vsftpd.conf file and search for chroot_list_enable=YES
Make sure it is YES. Do the same for the following variables
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list or /opt/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
chroot_list_enable=YES
Save and close the file
Create vsftpd.chroot_list in /etc/ or /opt/etc/
Add the username you want to export to ftp.
IMP: The user must already be a system user with a valid passwd. You must be able to find /home/
If the user you want to add is not a system user then create that user first before editing the above file.
#adduser
#passwd
Restart the vsftpd server using /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart or service vsftpd restart
Now you can log into ftp using the new user.
Tuesday 22 April 2014
Read Media .vob Files on Ubuntu
Finally I figured out how to do it. These are the steps:
- Create a subdirectory called
VIDEO_TS
and move all files there. - Create an DVD ISO file by executing:
genisoimage -iso-level 1 -dvd-video -volset-size 1 -o output.iso root_folder
- Mount the DVD ISO by executing:
sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop output.iso /media/cd/
The result will be a compatible ISO image which can be played using any video player (Totem, MPlayer, Dragon, etc.).
For those ones who are too ubuntufied, you can use K3B to create a DVD project and select "Create image only" before burn it.
Anyway, thanks for the answers. This site is too different from what I was used to in StackOverflow though, I have to say. It seems that some of you just read the title of the questions before answering. Maybe my English is too bad :)
Friday 21 March 2014
How to Change Office 2010 License Key
Issue: You go to activate Microsoft Office 2010 and you receive a message stating, “Your copy of Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2010 cannot be activated because the specified Product Key has already been activated the maximum number of times permitted for your software license as specified in the Microsoft Software License Terms.”
The solution is to change the product key to another product key. I will show you three different methods of changing the License Key
Method 1
Open “regedit”
Navigate the registry to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Office\14.0\Registration\ and delete the whole “Registration” key located under the “14.0″ key
Right click “Registration”
Select “Delete”
Press “Yes”
Close Regedit, Restart an Office 2010 application. You should be prompted to reenter your License Key
Method 2
Open to Microsoft Word
Press “File”
Press “Help”
Select “Change Product Key” (this option was not here on my installation, I used Method 1)
Method 3
Click on Start Menu > Control Panel > Programs and Features (or Add/Remove Programs, depending on your operating system).
Click on your product, e.g. Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2010
Click “Change” on the top menu.
Select the option to “Enter a Product Key.”
Press “Continue”
Changing your Product Key
Once you complete one of the Methods listed above you should be able to change your Product Key
Enter the appropriate product key from the top of this page and click “Continue.”
Accept the agreement
Press “Continue”
Configuration will occur
Press “Close”
Select “I want to activate the software over the Internet (recommended)”
Press “Next”
Your product should activate successfully
Press “Close”
Friday 3 January 2014
How to Install Windows 7 from USB - part 2
2. Turn the USB Key into a Bootable Device
Insert the Windows 7 install DVD into your drive, and view the files that it contains. Copy all of the files here to a folder on your Desktop. We put the disc contents in a folder named “Windows 7”Go back to your command prompt, running it as an Administrator. Using the “CD” command, find your way to the folder where you extracted the ISO files. Your command line path should look something like “C:\Users\USERNAMEHERE\Desktop\Windows 7\”.
Type the following commands:
CD Boot (This gets you into the “boot” directory)
Bootsect.exe /nt60 L: (where ‘L’ is the drive letter assigned to your USB key from the previous step)
Bootsect infuses boot manager compatible code into your USB key to make it a bootable device.
IMPORTANT: If you’re currently running 32-bit Windows Vista or 7, Bootsect will only work if you use the files from the 32-bit Windows 7 install disc. The Bootsect executable from the 64-bit version will not run in 32-bit Vista.
3. Load the USB Key Up with the Install Files
Copy all of the extracted ISO files into the USB drive. You don’t need to do this from the command prompt. Just drag and drop the files from the “Windows 7” folder into the drive using Windows Explorer.
Your USB key is now all ready to go! Plug it into your target system and make sure you enter the BIOS (typically with F2 or F12) to temporarily change the boot order to allow booting from the USB key before your primary hard drive or optical drive. On the next restart, your system should automatically begin speedily loading setup files off of the USB key and entering Windows 7 installation.
[Editor's Note: This article was originally posted as "How To: Install Windows 7 Beta from a USB Key!" It has been updated and reposted for the official launch of Windows 7 on Thursday.]
How to install Windows 7 from a USB - part 1
So after reading our review of Windows 7, you’re ready to take the plunge and upgrade to Microsoft's new OS. You’ve read our upgrade guide, decided whether you want 32- or 64-bit Windows 7,
and bought your retail box. But what if you want to install Windows 7
on a netbook or other computer without an optical drive?
Fortunately, you’re not out of luck, because Windows 7 (and Vista, for that matter) can be installed from a USB storage key. Not only does installing from a USB key remove the need for a DVD drive, the install time is also greatly reduced – we shaved off minutes from the total install time. Our step-by-step guide will have you rocking the new version of Windows in no time!
Note: This guide will only work within Windows Vista or 7.
Open up a Command Prompt as an Administrator. You can do this by finding the cmd.exe in yoru Windows/System32 folder, right-clicking the executable, and selecting “Run as Administrator”. Alternatively, type CMD in the Start Menu search field and activate the Command Prompt using Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
You should be under c:\Windows\system32 (assuming your Windows partition is the C drive). Type “diskpart” in the command line to enter the Disk Partition command line tool, which lets you format and create partitions on active disks.
Type “list disk” to reveal a list of all your active disks, each of which is associated with a number. Make a note of which one is your USB key, based on the capacity. In our screenshot below, our USB drive is Disk 6 (8GB).
Next, type the following commands, one at a time:
Select Disk # (Where # is the number of your USB disk. We typed “Select Disk 6”)
Clean (removes any existing partitions from the USB disk, including any hidden sectors)
Create Partition Primary (Creates a new primary partition with default parameters)
Select Partition 1 (Focus on the newly created partition)
Active (Sets the in-focus partition to active, informing the disk firmware that this is a valid system partition)
Format FS=NTFS (Formats the partition with the NTFS file system. This may take several minutes to complete, depending on the size of your USB key.)
Assign (Gives the USB drive a Windows volume and next available drive letter, which you should write down. In our case, drive “L” was assigned.)
Exit (Quits the DiskPart tool)
Fortunately, you’re not out of luck, because Windows 7 (and Vista, for that matter) can be installed from a USB storage key. Not only does installing from a USB key remove the need for a DVD drive, the install time is also greatly reduced – we shaved off minutes from the total install time. Our step-by-step guide will have you rocking the new version of Windows in no time!
|
Time = 1 hour
What you need:- 4GB USB key
$10, www.newegg.com - WinRAR
Free Evaluation Copy, www.rarlab.com - Windows 7
$99 (OEM)
1. Format Your USB Key
Plug in your USB key and back up any existing data stored on it. You’ll need to format the key before you can make it a bootable device.Open up a Command Prompt as an Administrator. You can do this by finding the cmd.exe in yoru Windows/System32 folder, right-clicking the executable, and selecting “Run as Administrator”. Alternatively, type CMD in the Start Menu search field and activate the Command Prompt using Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
You should be under c:\Windows\system32 (assuming your Windows partition is the C drive). Type “diskpart” in the command line to enter the Disk Partition command line tool, which lets you format and create partitions on active disks.
Type “list disk” to reveal a list of all your active disks, each of which is associated with a number. Make a note of which one is your USB key, based on the capacity. In our screenshot below, our USB drive is Disk 6 (8GB).
Next, type the following commands, one at a time:
Select Disk # (Where # is the number of your USB disk. We typed “Select Disk 6”)
Clean (removes any existing partitions from the USB disk, including any hidden sectors)
Create Partition Primary (Creates a new primary partition with default parameters)
Select Partition 1 (Focus on the newly created partition)
Active (Sets the in-focus partition to active, informing the disk firmware that this is a valid system partition)
Format FS=NTFS (Formats the partition with the NTFS file system. This may take several minutes to complete, depending on the size of your USB key.)
Assign (Gives the USB drive a Windows volume and next available drive letter, which you should write down. In our case, drive “L” was assigned.)
Exit (Quits the DiskPart tool)
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